ABSTRACT
El cáncer papilar de tiroides es el tumor tiroideo más común en la infancia. En estadios avanzados, puede presentarse con cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria. El tratamiento de elección es la tiroidectomía total y iodo radiactivo. En tumores irresecables, se debería considerar terapia con inhibidores multicinasa.Niña de 10 años de edad derivada por insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva. Se realizó el diagnóstico de cáncer papilar de tiroides con metástasis pulmonares. Por presentar un tumor irresecable no pasible de cirugía, se indicó el uso compasivo de lenvatinib, que mostró una rápida y favorable respuesta clínica con resolución de la insuficiencia respiratoria al noveno día del tratamiento.El diagnóstico temprano de cáncer papilar de tiroides previene la grave morbilidad respiratoria ocasionada por diagnósticos tardíos. Podría considerarse el uso de lenvatinib como alternativa previa a las terapias de primera línea (cirugía e iodo radiactivo) en casos de enfermedad con gran compromiso local y a distancia.
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid tumor in childhood. In advanced stages, it can present with respiratory failure. The treatment of choice is total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine. In cases of unresectable tumors, therapy with multikinase inhibitors should be considered. A 10-year-old girl was referred for progressive respiratory failure. A diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer with pulmonary metastases was made. Due to the presence of an unresectable tumor not subject to surgery, the compassionate use of lenvatinib was indicated, showing a rapid and favorable clinical response with resolution of respiratory failure on the ninth day.Early diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer prevents severe respiratory morbidity caused by late diagnoses. The use of lenvatinib should be considered as a previous step towards first-line therapies (surgery and radioactive iodine) in cases with great local and distant involvement.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/drug therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency , Combined Modality Therapy , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis , Neoplasm Metastasis , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The advent of multikinase inhibitor (MKI) therapy has led to a radical change in the treatment of patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this manuscript is to communicate rare adverse events that occurred in less than 5% of patients in clinical trials in a subset of patients treated in our hospital. Subjects and methods: Out of 760 patients with thyroid cancer followed up with in our Division of Endocrinology, 29 (3.8%) received treatment with MKIs. The median age at diagnosis of these patients was 53 years (range 20-70), and 75.9% of them were women. Sorafenib was prescribed as first-line treatment to 23 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and as second-line treatment to one patient with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Vandetanib was indicated as first-line treatment in 6 patients with MTC and lenvatinib as second-line treatment in two patients with progressive disease under sorafenib treatment. Results: During the follow-up of treatment (mean 13.7 ± 7 months, median 12 months, range 6-32), 5/29 (17.2%) patients presented rare adverse events. These rare adverse effects were: heart failure, thrombocytopenia, and squamous cell carcinoma during sorafenib therapy and squamous cell carcinoma and oophoritis with intestinal perforation during vandetanib treatment. Conclusions: About 3 to 5 years after the approval of MKI therapy, we learned that MKIs usually lead to adverse effects in the majority of patients. Although most of them are manageable, we still need to be aware of potentially serious and rare or unreported adverse effects that can be life-threatening.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Piperidines/adverse effects , Quinazolines/adverse effects , Carcinoma/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Medullary/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Oophoritis/chemically induced , Phenylurea Compounds/adverse effects , Quinolines/adverse effects , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Time Factors , Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Sorafenib/adverse effects , Heart Failure/chemically induced , Intestinal Perforation/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Los esquemas de quimioterapia convencionales no han demostrado ningún beneficio en el tratamiento del paciente con carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), las tasas de respuesta han sido muy bajas y no se ha observado ningún beneficio en la sobrevida cuando se usan agentes únicos o en combinación de quimioterapia. El advenimiento de nuevas moléculas de acción en sitios más específicos ha brindado una mejor esperanza en la sobrevida con menores efectos adversos.
Conventional chemotherapy has shown no benefit for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Response rates have been very low and no survival benefits have been observed for any single agent or combination chemotherapy regime. Nevertheless, the advent of new molecules which act on specific sites has given more hope for better survival with fewer adverse effects from chemotherapy.